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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 144, Issue 2 425-431, Copyright © 1990 by American Association of Immunologists

ARTICLES

Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis (MAM). VIII. Selective activation of T cells expressing distinct V beta T cell receptors from various strains of mice by the "superantigen" MAM

BC Cole, DR Kartchner and DJ Wells
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.

Mycoplasma arthritidis T cell mitogen (MAM), in association with its MHC ligand, is recognized by T cells that express TCR-alpha/beta assembled with a product(s) of the V beta 8 gene family. We show here that lymphocytes from mice which fail to express V beta 8 products can also be activated by MAM and the resulting cultures exhibit a marked increase in V beta 6 TCR-bearing cells. Evidence was also obtained that MAM can activate T cells that express all three V beta 8 TCR. The mAb, F23.1, which recognizes all V beta 8 gene products, was strongly inhibitory for MAM-induced proliferation of CBA cells whose T cell repertoire for MAM consists of T cells that express V beta 8.2 and 8.3 TCR. In contrast, the F23.1 mAb was only weakly inhibitory for BALB/c splenocytes which express V beta 6 TCR in addition to all three V beta 8 TCR. Involvement of V beta 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and V beta 6 in MAM-induced proliferation was confirmed by expanding lymphocyte cultures in the presence of MAM and phenotyping the activated cells for expression of individual V beta TCR. There was also evidence for a selective activation of T cells bearing specific V beta TCR because BALB/c T cell populations expanded with MAM were comprised of 46.2% V beta 8.2+ cells, 18.6% V beta 8.1+ cells, 7.6% V beta 8.3+ cells and 6.7% V beta 6+ cells. Recent studies suggest that the newly described "superantigens" including the staphylococcal enterotoxins and the self minor lymphocyte-stimulating Ag activate T cells in a manner similar to that described earlier for MAM. The discovery of shared recognition of these proteins by specific V beta TCR strongly suggests that MAM belongs to the superantigen protein family, the members of which may share cross-reactive epitopes. Inasmuch as MAM is produced by an organism which induces chronic joint disease, our findings provide the basis for a new model to study the role of superantigens in the development of chronic autoimmune type diseases.


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